Pakistan's tap water varies enormously by region, and mineral content (measured as Total Dissolved Solids, or TDS, in parts per million) is one factor that can affect how your skin feels day to day. This is the same city-by-city dataset shown on our homepage, listed here in full for reference.

Approximate TDS by City (ppm)

City Approx. TDS (ppm)
Multan 520
Sukkur 490
Faisalabad 460
Mirpur Khas 445
Karachi 420
Sheikhupura 415
Bahawalpur 400
Sahiwal 390
Gujranwala 380
Sargodha 375
Lahore 360
Dera Ghazi Khan 355
Sialkot 340
Rawalpindi 320
Hyderabad 310
Islamabad 280
Peshawar 245
Quetta 195
Abbottabad 175
Murree 130

Why We Formulate Around This

Water above roughly 150–200 ppm TDS is generally considered "hard." Higher mineral content can affect how cleansers rinse off skin and interact with the surface lipids that make up the skin barrier over repeated daily exposure. This is general formulation context rather than a clinical claim about outcomes for any individual — everyone's skin responds differently, and household filtration or water softening changes actual exposure.

We formulated our Barrier Support Serum with Ceramide NP 2.5% (pharmaceutical L99 grade) and Beta-Glucan 1% with this regional water profile in mind, rather than assuming a Western-market water baseline.

Note: TDS figures are regional approximations and can vary by neighbourhood, season, and local infrastructure. For a precise reading, a household TDS meter is inexpensive and widely available.